An experimental research was performed to investigate the behavior of concrete under uniaxial compression. A total of 60 prism specimens of which the strength grade ranges from C30 to C60 were tested using the MTS testing system. Based on the experimental results, the statistical characteristics of peak strengths, peak strains elastic modules and the complete stressstrain curves were obtained. Then, the randomness of concrete was studied theoretically according to the variation coefficient of strength specified in Chinese code (GB500102010). The mean curves and standard deviation curves were obtained based on the generalized probability density evolution method. The comparison between the experimental and theoretical results indicate that it is inadequate to represent the randomness of concrete only by the variation coefficient of strength. Finally, the standard deviation curves were proposed based on experiment results.