Focusing on China’s patentintensive industries, we measure the patent intensity and its economic contribution from the level of threedigit industry code. Then, we analyze the effect of human resource, capital input and research and development activities on the value of patent intensity. The results show that China’s patentintensive industries have obvious differences in development level and present the economic situation of “almost all industries are weak excepted for some star industries”. In addition, human resource is the most significance factor, followed by research and development activities and capital input. Lastly, this paper gives an insight into the optimization of input structure for policymakers, in order to promote industry sustainability development.