In order to verify the safety characteristics of interactive data in the system in the design stage， a safety impact analysis method based on colored Petri nets and the failure propagation model is proposed to automatically analyze the system model and obtain the minimum cut set of input data failure. First， the colored Petri net model of the system is established， and the case is obtained by numerical discretization of the place. The failure behavior function is obtained by unit test of the transition using the use case， and the failure propagation colored Petri net with failure behavior transition is obtained. Then， based on the state space of the colored Petri net model， the failure space generation algorithm and the transition backtracking method are used to realize the transformation from the model state space to the failure state space， and then to failure state tree. The minimum cut set of system failure is obtained by merging and calculating the failure state tree. Finally， through the experiment， the change of the minimum cut set of system failure under different data safety measures is compared， and the effect of security measures on system security is verified. The experimental results prove the correctness and effectiveness of the analysis method.