Microfluidic paper-based analysis devices （μ-PADs） have received extensive attention in the fields of environmental detection and analytical chemistry due to their low cost and green technology. The μ-PADs-based fluorescence detection technique is highly sensitive and easy to operate， which shows special advantages in on-site rapid detection. In recent years， researchers worldwide have developed deeper into this field. In this paper， the manufacturing methods of μ-PADs are introduced， followed by the discussion of fluorescence detection mechanisms. Then， the research status and application potential of μ-PADs-based fluorescence sensing technology for environmental pollutant detection are analyzed and summarized， and the future development trends and applications are prospected.